Drucker, P. F. (1998). Peter Drucker on the profession of management. Boston: Harvard Business School.
McGuire, M. T., & Anderson, W. H. (1999). The US healthcare dilemma: Mirrors and chains. Westport, CT: Auburn House.
Marquart, J. W., Olson, S. E., & Sorensen, J. R. (1994). The rope, the chair, and the needle: Capital punishment in Texas, 1923-1990. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Sakakibara, S., Hidetoshi, Y., Hisakatsu, S., Kengo, S., & Shimon, F. (1988). The Japanese stock market: Pricing systems and accounting information. New York: Praeger.
Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1998). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.
American Health Association. (2000). American Hospital Association guide to the health care field. Chicago: Author.
Gibbs, J. T., & Huang, L. N. (Eds.). (1991). Children of color: Psychological interventions with minority youth. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Massaro, D. (1992). Broadening the domain of the fuzzy logical model of perception. In H. L. Pick Jr., P. van den Broek, & D. C. Knill (Eds.), Cognition: Conceptual and methodological issues (pp. 51-84). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Philips, M., & Rasberry, S. (1997). Marketing without advertising (2nd ed.). Berkley, CA: Nolo Press.
Magill, F. N. (1993). Survey of social science: Psychology series (Vol. 2). Pasadena, CA: Salem Press.
Shotton, M. A. (1989). Computer addiction? A study of computer dependency [DX Reader Version]. Retrieved from http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/htm/index.asp
Schiraldi, G. R. (2001). The post-traumatic stress disorder sourcebook: A guide to healing, recovery, and growth [Adobe Digital Editions version]. doi: 10.10.36/0071393722
Munroe, M. (2009). Echoes of the Haitian Revolution, 1804-2004 [Monograph]. Retrieved from ebrary.
O’Keefe, E. (n.d.). Egoism & the crisis in Western values. Retrieved from http://www.onlineoriginals.com/showitem.asp?itemID=135
Strong, E. K. Jr., & Uhrbrock, R. S. (1923). Bibliography on job analysis. In L. Outhwaite (Series Ed.), Personnel Research Series: Vol. 1. Job analysis and the curriculum (pp. 140-146). doi: 10.1037/10762-000
Graham, G. (2005). Behaviorism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Fall 2007 ed.). Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism/
Heuristic. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary (11th ed.). Retrieved from http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/heuristic
American Psychological Association (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
E-Books
For whole e-books, include the E-reader version and its original retrieval URL or doi
If the ebook has no DOI, try to find a permalink for the book.
If the book is read online, such as Google Books, ebrary, ebl, EbscoBooks, do not include the E-reader version.
For example, this is a book from ebrary. I read it online, so I do not need to include an E-reader version. I used the Share Link to Book to get a permalink for a book title.
Denzin, N. K. (2016). Searching for Yellowstone : Race, gender, family and memory in the Postmodern West. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press. Retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com/lib/wayne/detail.action?docID=10411861
In text citing from e-books
For e-books from platforms that are read online do not have page numbers (such as Books 24x7), add an overarching heading plus a paragraph number within that section. If the heading is too long to cite in full, create a short title in quotation marks.
In-text citation, no page numbers, using a heading (Smith, 1978, Introduction section, para. 5)
In-text citation, no page numbers, create a short title (Smith, 1978, "The Future of Libraries," para. 1)
Light, M. A., & Light, I. H. (2008). The geographic expansion of Mexican immigration in the United States and its implications for local law enforcement. Law Enforcement Executive Forum Journal, 8(1), 73-82.
Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients. Health Psychology, 24, 225-229. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225
Frederickson, B. L. (2000, March 7). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being. Prevention & Treatment, 3. Retrieved from http://journals.apa.org/prevention/volume3/pre0030001a.html
Miller, F. H., Choi, M. J., Angeli, L. L., Harland, A. A., Stamos, J. A., Thomas, S. T., . . . Rubin, L. H. (2009). Web site usability for the blind and low-vision user. Technical Communication, 57, 323-335.
Borman, W. C., Hanson, M. A., Oppler, S. H., Pulakos, E. D., & White, L. A. (1993). Role of early supervisory experience in supervisor performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78 (3), 443-449.
Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status. The Washington Post, pp. A1, A4.
Obesity affects economic, social status. (1993, September 30). The Washington Post, pp. A1, A4.
Brody, J. E. (2007, December 11). Mental reserves keep brain agile. New York Times. Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com
Magazine Articles
Chamberlin, J., Novotney, A., Packard, E., & Price, M. (2008, May). Enhancing worker well-being: Occupational health psychologists convene to share their research on work, stress, and health. Monitor on Psychology, 39(5), 26-29.
Note: For weekly magazines, add the day in addition to the month and year (2008, May 24).
Enhancing worker well-being: Occupational health psychologists convene to share their research on work, stress, and health. (2008, May). Monitor on Psychology, 39(5), 26-29.
Note: For weekly magazines, add the day in addition to the month and year (2008, May 24).
Clay, R. (2008, June). Science vs. ideology: Psychologists fight back about the misuse of research. Monitor on Psychology, 39(6). Retrieved from http://apa.org/monitor/
Frank, M. (1993, June). The wild, wild, West. Architectural Digest, 50, 180-185, 193.
Editorials, Reviews, Interviews, etc.
Marshall-Pescini, S., & Whiten, A. (2006). “What is a disaster” and why does this question matter? [Editorial]. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 14, 1-2.
Schatz, B. R. (2000, November 17). Learning by text or context? [Review of the book The social life of information, by J. S. Brown & P. Duguid]. Science, 290, 1304. doi: 10.1126/science.290.5495.1304
Zacharek, S. (2008, April 27). Natural women [Review of the book Girls like us]. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/27/books/review/Zachareck-t.html?pagewanted=2
Axelman, A., & Shapiro, J. L. (2007). Does the solution warrant the problem? [Review of the DVD Brief therapy with adolescents, produced by the American Psychological Association, 2007]. PsycCRITIQUES, 52(51). doi: 10.1037/a0009036
The entry should follow the format of the original source of the interview (in this case, a journal article with one author). In this example, the interview lacks a title, so a description of the interview is given in brackets.
Archer, N. (1993). [Interview with Helen Burns, author of Sense and Perception]. Journal of Sensory Studies, 21, 211-216.
If the interview has a title, include the title (without quotation marks) after the year, and then give a further description in brackets if necessary.
Fromm, M. G. (2014). Interview with Frank Ochberg. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 31(2), 206-216. doi:10.1037/a0036147
Example adapted from http://www.cws.illinois.edu/workshop/writers/citation/apa/interview/
Do not include in reference list; cite in text only. [More Information]
Example: The Michigan Online Resources for Educators (MORE) database is a excellent resource for lesson plans (http://more.mel.org/).
Canarie, Inc. (1997, September 27). Towards a Canadian health IWAY: Vision, opportunities and future steps. Retrieved from http:www//canarie.ca/press/publications/pdf/health/healthvision.doc
Social workers come out in support of marriage for same-sex couples. (n.d.). Retrieved from: https://www.socialworkers.org/pressroom/2004/081704.asp
Brody, J. E. (2007, December 11). Mental reserves keep brain agile. New York Times. Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com
Clay, R. (2008, June). Science vs. ideology: Psychologists fight back about the misuse of research. Monitor on Psychology, 39(6). Retrieved from http://apa.org/monitor/
Zacharek, S. (2008, April 27). Natural women [Review of the book Girls like us]. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/27/books/review/Zachareck-t.html?pagewanted=2
Pixeltech. (2010, December 10). Sony VAIO L Series Just Touch it [Review of Sony VAIO notebook]. Retrieved from: http://www.epinions.com/reviews/Sony_VAIO_L_VPCL137FX_R_24_All_in_One_Touchscreen_Computer_Red_PC_Notebook
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2003). Managing asthma: A guide for schools (NIH Publication No. 02-2650). Retrieved from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/lung/asthma/asth_sch.pdf
Do not include in reference list; cite in text only.
Example: According to S. D. Cathcart (personal communication, September 20, 2001), management is refusing to agree to the proposal.
Ramperdas, T. (2005, June 8). Re: Traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions [Online forum content]. Retrieved from http://www.wipo.int/roller/comments/Weblog/theme_eight_how_can_cultural#comments
Smith, S. (2006, January 5). Re: Disputed estimates of IQ [Electronic mailing list message]. Retrieved from http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/Group/ForensicNetwork/message/670
MiddleKid. (2007, January 22). Re: The unfortunate prerequisites and consequences of partitioning your mind [Web log message]. Retrieved from http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2007/01the_unfortunate_prerequisites.php
Home Depot. (2001). Home Depot 2000 annual report. Atlanta, GA: Author.
Proctor & Gample Company. (2010). P & G 2010 annual report. Retrieved from http://www.pg.com/annualreport2010/index.shtml
Do not include in reference list;cite in text only.
Example: P. Drucker (personal communication, September 20, 2001) believes that there are several different types of managers.
McNiel, D. S. (2006). Meaning through narrative: A personal narrative discussing growing up with an alcoholic mother (Master’s thesis). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 1434728)
IMPORTANT: The Publication Number is located in the field titled Publication Number in the Indexing Document Details area of the record in the ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Database. The number is prefaced with AAT, which should not be included in the Publication Number. The Publication Number is equivalent to the UMI number that appears in the example for the APA citation for the dissertation or theses on page 208, APA Publication Manual, 6th Edition.
Greenberg, J. & Walsh, K. (2010). Ed school essentials: A review of Illinois teacher preparation. Washington, DC: National Council on Teacher Quality. (ED512668)
Smith, S. (2009, August). Putting the grrrr! Back in progressive. Paper presented at the meeting of the Progressive Librarians Guild, Detroit, MI.
Ruby, J., & Fulton, C. (1993, June). Beyond reading: Editing software that works. Poster session at the annual meeting of the Society for Scholarly Publishing, Washington, DC.
National Cancer Institute. (2000, June). Cancer research-because lives depend on it [Brochure]. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute.
Brown v. Board of Educ., 347 U.S. 483 (1954).
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, 42 U.S.C. § 4331 (1970).
FDA Prescription Drug Advertising Rule, 21 C.F.R. § 202.1 (2006).
U.S. Bureau of the Census. (2002). Statistical abstract of the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2003). Managing asthma: A guide for schools (NIH Publication No. 02-2650). Retrieved from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/lung/asthma/asth_sch.pdf
Iraq: Meeting the challenge, sharing the burden, staying the course, a trip report to members of the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate, 108th Cong., 1st sess. (S. Prt. 108-31). (2003).
The following are interpretations based on rules put forth by the APA Publication Manual, 6th Edition. The Manual does not speak specifically to many types of online visual resources.
General rules
Always check your URL to make sure it works
Follow standard form for author’s name when possible (Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial.)
Use n.d. if no date exists
Do not use a URL if material was retrieved from a library database. Use the library database name.
Use the designated shareable link as the URL, such as the Share URL in YouTube.
For Corporate Author or Channel, use as the Author. Use upload date as date if no creation date is available
Author Last Name, Author First Initial. Author Middle Initial. (Year, Month Date). Title of video [Video file]. Retrieved from URL
TEDtalksDirector. (2009, February 16). Barry Schwartz: The real crisis? We stopped being wise [Video file]. Retrieved from http://youtu.be/lA-zdh_bQBo
To assure copyright compliance, use a resource such as Flickr’s Creative Commons http://www.flickr.com/creativecommons/
Creator’s last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Role of creator). (Year of creation). Description or title of image. [Type of work]. Retrieved from URL.
Examples:
Comas, J. S. (Photographer). (2007). Jordi Comas Teaching. [Digital Image]. Retrieved from http://www.flickr.com/photos/24567742@N03/4475421910/
Konopacki. (Cartoonist). Overcrowding. [Cartoon]. Retrieved from http://www.sites4teachers.com/links/redirect.php?url=http://www.solidarity.com/hkcartoons/teachertoons/images/kono2DEC.gif
If it is a single image you found in a search in a library database. If there are credits under the image for the author or the original publisher, that should be noted in the citation.
Creator name. (Role of creator). (Year of creation). Description or title of image. [Type of work]. Retrieved from Database Name.
Cusic-McClatchy, C. C. (Photographer). (2009). Middle School Sex Education Class. [Digital Image]. Retrieved from GALE Opposing Viewpoints in Context.
Example: This would appear immediately following the reference to the image from the article, book, etc.
(Andrews & Sayers, 2006, p. 35, Table 1)
This would be the citation for the reference:
Andrews, P. & Sayers, J. (2006). Conditions for learning: Part 3. Mathematics Teaching, 199. 34-38. Retrieved from ProQuest Research Library.
Artist. (Year) Name of Song. On Name of Collection/Album [Medium of recording]. City, State: Recording Label Company.
Coldplay. (2000). Trouble. On Parachutes [iTunes]. EMI Records Ltd. Retrieved from http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/parachutes/id23533494
Van Nuys, D. (Producer). (2007, December 19). Shrink rap radio [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.shrinkrapradio.com/
Egan, D. (Writer), & Alexander, J. (Director). (2005). Failure to communicate [Television series episode]. In D. Shore (Executive producer), House. New York, NY: Fox Broadcasting.
Crystal, L. (Executive Producer). (1993, October 11). The MacNeil/Lehrer news hour [Television broadcast]. New York and Washington, DC: Public Broadcasting Service.
Grey, B., King, G., & Pitt, B. (Producers), & Scorsese, M. (Director). (2006). The Departed [Motion Picture]. United States: Plan B Entertainment.
When citing an author with a hyphenated first name in order of appearance, use the first letter with period, then present the second letter preceded by a hyphen.
Example:
Author is Jean-Baptise Lamour Reference citation style is Lamour, J.-B.
Author is Ru-Jye Chuang Reference citation style is Chuang, R.-J.
Source: APA Publication Manual, 6th Edition, 6,27, p 184
If an author's first name is hyphenated, retain the hyphen and include a period after each initial. Do not put a space after the period of the first initial and the - preceding the second initial.
